Free Access
Issue |
Reprod. Nutr. Dev.
Volume 42, Number 6, November-December 2002
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 559 - 572 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:2002041 |
References
- Aitchison E.M., Gill M., Dhanoa M.S., Osbourn D.F., The effect of digestibility and forage species on the removal of digesta from the rumen and the voluntary intake of hay by sheep, Br. J. Nutr. 56 (1986) 463-476.
- Albrecht K.A., Muck R.E., Crop quality and utilisation: proteolysis in ensiled forage legumes that vary in tannin concentration, Crop Sci. 31 (1991) 464-469.
- AOAC, Official Methods Of Analysis, 13th Ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, 1980.
- Aufrère J., Graviou D., Degradation of proteins in the rumen of fresh forages of legumes and grasses cut at different vegetation stages, Congrès EGF, La Rochelle, 27-31 may 2002.
- Aufrère J., Boulberhane D., Graviou D., Andrieu J.P., Demarquilly C., Characterisation of in situ degradation of lucerne proteins according to forage type (green forage, hay and silage) using gel electrophoresis, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 50 (1994) 75-85.
- Aufrère J., Graviou D., Baumont R., Detour A., Demarquilly C., Degradation in the rumen of proteins from fresh lucerne forage in various stages of growth and conserved as silage or hay, Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000) 461-474.
- Baumont R., Jailler M., Dulphy J.P., Dynamic of voluntary intake, feeding behaviour and rumen function in sheep fed three contrasting types of hay, Ann. Zootech. 46 (1997) 231-244.
- Binnerts W.T., Van't Klooster A.T., Frens A.M., Soluble chromium indicator measured by automatic absorption in digestion experiments, Vet. Rech. 82 (1968) 470.
- Broderick G.A,. Desirable characteristics of forage legumes for improving protein utilization in ruminants, J. Anim. Sci. 73 (1995) 2760-2773.
- Broderick G.A., Walgenbach R.P., Sterrenburg E., Performance of lactating dairy cows fed alfalfa or red clover silage as the sole forage, J. Dairy Sci. 83 (2000) 1543-1551.
- Broderick G.A., Walgenbach R.P., Maignan S., Production of lactating cows fed alfalfa or red clover silage at equal dry matter or crude protein contents in the diet, J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001) 1728-1737.
- Choi C.W., Ahvenjärvi S., Vanhatalo A., Toivonen V., Huhtanen P., Quantitation of the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasal canal of dairy cows fed grass silage based diets, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 96 (2002) 203-220.
- Ciszuk P., Eriksson S., Ammonia formation in the rumen of sheep fed on grass, clover or lucerne preserved in various ways, Swedish J. Agric. Res. 3 (1973) 13-20.
- Coblentz W.K., Fritz J.O., Fick W.H., Cochran R.C., Shirley J.E., In situ dry matter, nitrogen and fiber degradation of alfalfa, red clover and eastern gamagrass at four maturities, J. Dairy Sci. 81 (1998) 150-161.
- Conway E.J., Microdiffusion analysis and volumetric analysis error. Crosby Lockwood and Son, London, 1957.
- Demarquilly C., Prévision de la Valeur Nutritive des Aliments des Ruminants, INRA, Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires de Theix, Beaumont, 1981.
- Demarquilly C., Weiss., Tableaux de la valeur alimentaire des fourrages vert, Étude S.E.I.
n
42, Versailles, INRA, 1970.
- Dulphy J.P., Demarquilly C., Problèmes particuliers aux ensilages. Prévision de la valeur nutritive des aliments des Ruminants, INRA, Publ., 1981, pp. 81-104.
- Dulphy J.P., Demarquilly C., Baumont R., Jailler M., L'Hotelier L., Dragomir C., Study of modes of preparation of fresh and conserved forages for measurement of their dry matter and nitrogen degradations in the rumen, Ann. Zootech. 48 (1999) 275-287.
- Frame J., Charlton J.F.L., Laidlaw A.S., Red clover, Chap. 4 in: Temperate Forage Legumes, CAB international 1998, pp. 181-224.
- Goering H.K, Van Soest P.J., Forage fiber analyses, in: Agricultural Handbook no. 379, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1970, pp. 1-20.
- Hatfield R., Muck R., Characterizing proteolytic inhibition in red clover silage, in: Thomas Pauly (Ed.), The XIIth International Silage Conference. Silage production in relation to animal performance, animal health, meat and milk quality, July 5-7, Uppsala, Sweden, 1999, pp. 147-148.
- Hoffman P.C., Sievert S.J., Shaver R.D., Welch D.A., Combs D.K., In situ dry matter, protein, and fiber degradation of perennial forages, J. Dairy Sci. 76 (1993) 2632-2643.
- Hoffman P.C., Combs D.K., Brehm N.M., Welch D.A., Performance of lactating dairy cows fed red clover or alfalfa silage, J. Dairy Sci. 80 (1997) 3308-3315.
- Hristov A.N., Nitrogen fractions and in sacco dry matter and crude protein degradability of fresh and frozen alfalfa, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 71 (1998) 351-355.
- Huhtanen P., Kukkonen U., Comparison of methods, markers, sampling sites and models for estimating digesta passage kinetics in cattle fed at two levels of intake, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 52 (1995) 141-158.
- Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg M.R., In situ techniques for the estimation of protein degradability and postrumen availability, in: Givens D.I., Owen E., Axford R.F.E., Omed H.M. (Eds.), Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition, 1999, pp. 215-258.
- Jouany J.P., Dosage des acides gras volatils et des alcools dans les ensilages par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, Bull. Tech. CRZV Theix INRA 46 (1981) 63-66.
- Jones B.A., Hatfield R.D., Muck R.E., Inhibition of proteolysis by red clover, in: O'Kiely P., O'Connell M., Murphy J. (Eds.), Proc. X Int. Silage Conf., Dublin, 1993, pp. 106-107.
- Le Goffe P., Vérité R., Peyraud J.L., Influence de l'espèce et de la saison sur la dégradabilité de l'azote des fourrages verts dans le rumen, Ann. Zootech. 42 (1993) 3-15.
- Lindberg J.E., Clason C., Ciszuk P., Den Braver E., Buffer-soluble and short-term in sacco degradable crude protein in relation to ruminal ammonia concentration in sheep, Swedish J. Agric. Res. 12 (1982) 77-82.
- MacRae J.C., Campbell D.R., Eadie J., Changes in the biochemical composition of herbage upon freezing and thawing, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 84 (1975) 125-131.
- Mc Donald I., A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen, J. Agric. Sci. 96 (1981) 251-252.
- Mc Donald P., Henderson N., Heron S., The Biochemistry of Silage, Chalcombe publications, 1991, pp. 340.
- Merry R. J., Mc Allan R.B., A comparison of the chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta, Br. J. Nutr. 50 (1983) 701-709.
- Messman M.A., Weiss W.P., Albrecht K.A., In situ disappearance of individual proteins and nitrogen from legume forages containing varying amount of tannins, J. Dairy Sci. 79 (1996) 1430-1435.
- Michalet-Doreau B., Vérité R., Chapoutot P., Méthodologie de mesure de la dégradabilité in sacco de l'azote des aliments dans le rumen, Bull. Tech. CRZV Theix 69 (1987) 5-7.
- Michalet-Doreau B., Ould-Bah M.Y., Estimation of the extent of bacterial contamination in bag residues and its influence on in sacco measurements of forage nitrogen degradation in rumen, XVI International Congress, Nice, France, 4-11 October 1989, Vol. II, pp. 909-910.
- Nocek J.E., Grant A.L., Characterization of in situ nitrogen and fiber digestion and bacterial nitrogen contamination of hay crop forages preserved at different dry matter percentages, J. Anim. Sci. 64 (1987) 552-564.
- Noll F., L-lactate determination with LDH, GPT and NAD, in: Bermeyer H.U. (ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol. III, London, Academic Press, 1974, pp. 1475-1477.
- Ørskov E.R., Mc Donald I., The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 92 (1979) 499-503.
- Papadopoulos Y.A., Mc Kersie B.D., A comparison of protein degradation during wilting and ensiling of six forage species, Can. J. Plant. Sci. 63 (1983) 903.
- Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., SAS STAT Software, General Linear Model, SAS Institute, Cary, N.C., USA, 1985.
- Vérité R., Michalet-Doreau B., Chapoutot P., Peyraud J.L., Poncet C., Révision du système des Protéines Digestibles dans l'Intestin (PDI), Bull. Tech. CRZV Theix Inra 70 (1987) 19-34.
- Vik-Mo L., Degradability of forages in sacco. 2. Silages of grasses and red clover at two cutting times, with formic acid and without additive, Acta Agric. Scand. 39 (1989) 53-64.
- Wallace R.J., McKain A., comparison of methods for determining the concentration of extracellular peptides in rumen fluid of sheep, J. Agric. Sci. 114 (1990) 101-105.
- Warner A.C.L., Stacy B.D., The fate of water in the rumen. 2. Water balances throughout the feeding cycle in sheep, Br. J. Nutr. 22 (1968) 389-410.
- Wilman D., Koocheki A., Lwoga A.B., Samaan S.F., Digestion in vitro of Italian and perennial ryegrass, red clover, white clover and lucerne, J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 72 (1977) 13-24.
- Willman D., Altimimi A.K., The in vitro digestibility and chemical composition of plant parts in white clover, red clover and lucerne during primary growth, J. Sci. Food Agric. 35 (1984) 133-138.
- Wilkins R.J., Jones R., Alternative home-grown protein sources for ruminants in the United Kingdom, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 85 (2000) 23-32.
Abstract
Copyright INRA, EDP Sciences